Association of Kappa casein gene polymorphism with milk production traits in crossbred dairy cows

Wefak  J.  Albazi; Tahreer Al-Thuwaini; Muna Alamely; Zuhair MA. Jeddoa; Rana Mousa; Faten Al-Dawmy; Aqeel H. Atallah; Raeed Altaee; Eman Jabber; Fateh  AI-Shimmary; Saba Salih; Nabaa  Al-Himaery

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74079E

Authors

Wefak J. Albazi College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2391-4839
Tahreer Al-Thuwaini College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Babil, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-2963
Muna Alamely University of Karbala, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karbala, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-2780
Zuhair MA. Jeddoa College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Zahra University, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-956X
Rana Mousa College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-8019
Faten Al-Dawmy College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-5357
Aqeel H. Atallah College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Zahra University, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1098-8353
Raeed Altaee University of Karbala, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karbala, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-8014
Eman Jabber University of Karbala, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karbala, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-1890
Fateh AI-Shimmary University of Karbala, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karbala, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-052X
Saba Salih University of Karbala, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karbala, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6438-8281
Nabaa Al-Himaery University of Karbala, College of Veterinary Medicine, Karbala, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-3374

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74079E

Abstract

Milk's qualitative and technological properties are greatly affected by genetic polymorphisms in the kappa-casein gene, and their polymorphisms may serve as informative markers of yield and composition. Thus, the objective of this study was to detect kappa-casein (kappa-CN) gene polymorphisms and their association with milk production traits in crossbred dairy cows. One hundred healthy crossbred (Friesian x Jenoubi) dairy animals between three and five years old were sampled for blood and milk during their first lactation. The genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) was used to determine the genotype of the kappa-CN gene. As a consequence of the restriction digestion of this fragment with Hind III, it showed three different restriction patterns: BB (453 base pairs uncut), AB (453, 206, and 225 base pairs), and AA (206 and 225 base pairs). Based on genetic diversity, the AB genotype was the most predominant (n = 67), with a frequency of 0.67. A variant genotype of the kappa-CN gene was associated with milk production traits in crossbred dairy cows. Animals with the AA variant produced a higher milk yield and a higher percentage of fat, casein, protein, and solids not fat (SNF) (P≤0.05) (1.397kg, 0.75%, 0.31%, 0.27%, and 0.68%, respectively) than those with the BB variant. A logistic regression analysis confirmed that the kappa-CN genotypes increase milk yield and casein content. Therefore, genetic variants of the kappa-CN gene could be used as genetic markers for improving milk production traits in dairy cattle.
Keywords: cattle, genetic variants, milk protein.

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