Kazakh traditional song and musical heritage of Abay

Saida Yelemanova

doi:10.5216/mh.v24.78936

Authors

Saida Yelemanova Department of Musicology and Composition, Kurmangazy Kazakh National Conservatory, Almaty, Kazakhstan, s.yelemanova@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4446-5316

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5216/mh.v24.78936

Keywords:

Kazakh song culture, Abay's song creativity, oral professionalism, the ratio of verse and tune, akyn melodic formula

Abstract

Kazakh traditional song culture has not been studied enough. For specialists and lovers of singing, the turning points of the song history are interesting, testifying to its qualitative renewal. These include the emergence of oral professionalism in song culture. The purpose of this article is a historical overview of the development of the Kazakh song, when the innovative songwriting of Abay, a poet and educator of the late 19th - early 20th century, spreads.

The main problem in the study of traditional songs and songs of Abay is the definition of adequate cultural-historical (professionalism) and musical-stylistic approaches to analysis. Song creativity, recorded in musical and ethnographic collections (more than three thousand samples), collected in their own folklore expeditions and musical and concert practice of art carriers, was subjected to analysis. The methodology of studying Kazakh songwriting is based on the observation of folk music-making, musical and poetic analytics is based on the ratio of poetic text and melody, which determines the song genre. The method of data comparison and generalization allowed to determine the originality of different historical layers of the Kazakh traditional song. In the folk-professional song, the purposefulness of its development, the setting of artistic tasks is revealed. Abay's songwriting, being subject to his poetic reform, cannot follow the stylistic norms of the Kazakh oral-professional song.

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Author Biography

Saida Yelemanova, Department of Musicology and Composition, Kurmangazy Kazakh National Conservatory, Almaty, Kazakhstan, s.yelemanova@mail.ru

Yelemanova Saida Abdrakhimovna, Doctor of Arts, Professor of the Department of Musicology and Composition of the Kazakh National Conservatory named after Kurmangazy. A well-known scientist-ethnomusicologist, cultural figure, author of numerous publications (more than a hundred) on Kazakh traditional music and music of the Turkic peoples in different countries (Russia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Great Britain, France, Kazakhstan). S.A. Yelemanova is the author of the original scientific concept of folk music associated with the professionalism of oral tradition. The development of this concept in S. Yelemanova's doctoral dissertation naturally leads to the paradigm of sacredness - kasiettiligi, the most important feature of traditional music, its genesis and the need to preserve it, in accordance with the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage adopted in 2003. Yelemanova is a participant and organizer of many international scientific and practical conferences and seminars, organizer of several international festivals of traditional music, compiler of more than 30 discs with recordings of traditional music (including participation and one of the initiators of the release of the Anthology of 1000 Kazakh traditional songs). Scriptwriter and producer of a full-length film about Kazakh traditional music Saz kudyreti and 10 videos about Kazakh traditional songs.