Discussions about the scale in the community ecology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5216/rbn.v11i1.26518Keywords:
Biodiversity, community ecology, local scale, regional diversity, theoretical synthesisAbstract
Since at the end of the XX century many problems related to the spatial and temporal scales in community ecology studies have been widely discussed. Several authors address the issues in a provocative way, criticizing not only how ecological communities are defined, but also in which scales they are typically studied. In order to analyze some of the main disharmonies in the scientific literature, we review two recent key articles about this topic, presenting their different conceptions about how communities should be understood. In addition, we discuss about the scarcity of data on biogeography, phylogenies and life-history traits of organisms, indicating that the resolution of questions related to scales is linked to the availability of such information. Finally, we advise that space-time extensions should never be disregarded when studying ecological communities, just as we should never forget about biological differences among organisms.
Downloads
References
Brooker, R. W., R. M.Callaway, L. A. Cavieres, Z. Kikvidze, C. J. Lortie, R. Michalet, F.I. Pugnaire, A. Valiente-Banuet & T. G. Whitham. 2009. Don’t Diss Integration: A Comment on Ricklefs’s Disintegrating Communities. American Naturalist. 174: 919-927.
Clements, F. E. 1916. Plant succession: analysis of the development of vegetation. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington.
Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., R. D. Loyola, P. Raia, A. O. Mooers, & L. M. Bini. 2013. Darwinian shortfalls in biodiversity conservation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28: 689-695.
Dybdahl, M. F.& A. Storfer. 2003. Parasite local adaptation: Red Queen versus Suicide King. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 18: 523-530.
Edwards, J. L., M. A. Lane, E. S. Nielsen. 2000. Interoperability of Biodiversity Databases: Biodiversity Information on Every Desktop. Science. 289: 2312-2314.
Gleason, H. A. 1926. The individualistic concept of the plant association. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 53: 7-26.
Guisan, A. & C. Rahbek. 2011. SESAM – a new framework integrating macroecological and species distribution models for predicting spatio-temporal patterns of species assemblages. Journal of Biogeography. 38: 1433-1444.
Harrison, S. & H. Cornell. 2008. Toward a better understanding of the regional causes of local community richness. Ecology Letters 11: 969-979.
Hijman, R. J., S. E. Cameron, J. L. Parra, P. G. Jones & A. Jarvis. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25: 1965-1978.
Hortal, J., P. De Marco, A. M. C. Santos & J. A. F. Diniz-Filho. 2012. Integrating biogeographical processes and local community assembly. Journal of Biogeography 39: 627-628.
Hubbell, S. 2001. The Unified Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Jones K. E., J. Bielby, M. Cardillo, S. A. Fritz, J. O’Dell, C. D. L. Orme, K. Safi, W. Sechrest, E. H. Boakes, C. Carbone, C. Connolly, M. J. Cutts, J. K. Foster, R. Grenyer, M. Habib, C. A. Plaster, S. A. Price, E. A. Rigby, J. Rist, A. Teacher, O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, J. L. Gittleman, G. M. Mace & A. Purvis. 2009. PanTHERIA: a species-level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals. Ecology 90: 2648.
Kattge, J., S. Díaz, S. Lavorel, I. C. Prentice, P. Leadley, G. Bönisch, E. Garnier, M. Westoby, P. B. Reich, I. J. Wright, J. H. C. Cornelissen, C. Violle, S. P. Harrison, P. M. V. Bodegom, M. Reichstein, B. J. Enquist, N. A. Soudzilovskaia, D. D. Ackerly, M. Anand, O. Atkin, M. Bahn, T. R. Baker, D. Baldocchi, R. Bekker, C. Blanco, B. Blonder, W. J. Bond, R. Bradstock, D. E. Bunker, F. Casanoves, J. Cavender-Bares, J. Q. Chambers, F. S. Chapin, J. Chave, D. Coomes, W. K. Cornwell, J. M. Craine, B. H. Dobrin, L. Duarte, W. Durka, J. Elser, G. Esser, M. Estiarte, W. F. Fagan, J. Fang, F. Fernández-Méndez, A. Fidelis, B. Finegan, O. Flores, H. Ford, D. Frank, G. T. Freschet, N. M. Fyllas, R. V. Gallagher, W. A. Green, A. G. Gutierrez, T. Hickler, S. Higgins, J. S. Hodgson, A. Jalili, S. Jahnsen, C. Joly, A. J. Kerkhoff, D. Kirkup, K. Kitajima, M. Kleyer,; S. Klotz, J. M. H. Knoops, K. Kramer, I. Kühn, H. Kurokawa, D. Laughlin, T. D. Lee, M. Leishman, F. Lens, T. Lenz, S. L. Lewis, J. Lloyd, J. Llusià, F. Louault, S. Ma, M. D. Mahecha, P. Manning, T. Massad, B. Medlyn, J. Messier, A. T. Moles, S. C. Müller, K. Nadrowski, S. Naeem, Ü. Niinemets, S. Nöllert, A. Nüske, R. Ogaya, J. Oleksyn, V. G. Onipchenko, Y. Onoda, J. Ordoñez, G. Overbeck, W. A. Ozinga, S. Patiño, S. Paula, J. G. Pausas, J. Peñuelas, O. L. Phillips, V. Pillar, L. Poorter, P. Porschlod, A. Prinzing, R. Proulx, A. Ra mig, S. Reinsch, B. Reu, L. Sack, B. Salgado-Negret, J. Sardans, S. Shiodera, B. Shipley, A. Siefert, E. Sosinski, J.F. Soussana, E. Swaine, N. Swenson, K. Thompson, P. Thornton, M. Waldram, E. Weiher, M. White, S. White, S. J. Wright, B. Yguel, S. Zaehle, A. E. Zanne & C. Wirth. 2011. TRY – a global database of plant traits. Global Change Biology 17: 2905-2935.
MacArthur, R. H. 1965. Patterns of species diversity. Biological Reviews 40: 510-533.
Maddison, D. R. & K. S. Schulz. 2007. The Tree of Life Web Project. Disponível em:< http:// tolweb.org>. Acesso em: mar. 2014.
Magnusson, W. E. 2013. The Words “Population” and “Community” Have Outlived their Usefulness in Ecological Publications. Natureza & Conservação 11: 1-6.
McGill, B. J., B. J. Enquist, E. Weiher & M. Westoby. 2006. Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 21: 178-185.
Metzger, J. P. 2001. O que é ecologia de paisagens? Biota Neotropica. 1: 1-9.
Milne, B. T. 1998. Motivation and Benefits of Complex Systems Approaches in Ecology. Ecosystems 1: 449-456.
Morell, V. 1996. TreeBASE: The Roots of Phylogeny. Science 273: 569.
Prado, P. I. & C. N. El-Hanl. 2013. Blaming The Words “Population” and “Community” Has Outlived Its Usefulness in Ecology – a Reply to Magnusson (2013). Natureza & Conservação 11: 99-102.
Ricklefs, R. E. 2008. Disintegration of the ecological community. American Naturalist. 172: 741-750.
Schneider, D. C. 2001. The rise of the concept of the scale in ecology. Bioscience. 51: 545-553.
Stenseth, N. C. & J. M. Smith. 1984. Coevolution in Ecosystems: Red Queen Evolution or Stasis? Evolution. 38: 870-880.
Turelli, M. 2006. 2005 Sewall Wright Award: Robert E. Ricklefs. American Naturalist. 167: i.
Urban, D., R. V. O’Neill & H. H. Shugart. 1987. Landscape ecology: a hierarchical perspective can help scientists understand spatial patterns. Bioscience. 37: 119-127.
Valient-Banuet, A., A. Vital, M. Verdú, & R. M. Callaway. 2006. Modern Quaternary plant lineages promote diversity through facilitation of ancient Tertiary lineages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 103: 16812-16817.
Villalobos, F., T.F. Rangel & J.A.F. Diniz-Filho. 2013. Phylogenetic fields of species: cross-species patterns of phylogenetic structure and geographic coexistence. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences 280: 2012-2570.
Whittaker, R. J., M. B.Araújo, P. Jepson, R. J. Ladle, J. E. M. Watson & K. J. Willis. 2005. Conservation Biogeography: assessment and prospect. Diversity and Distributions 11: 3-23.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The expontaneos submmition of the manuscript automaticaly implies in the cession of all patrimonial rights for the Journal of Neotropical Bilogy (RBN) after publication. The autor allow the right of first publication of the article to the RBN, under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) Licence.
There are garanties for the authors to the authorial and moral rights, for each one of the articles published by RBN, with permissions:
1. The use of article and contents for the education and researches.
2. The use of the article and their contents, linking to the Article on the web site of the RBN, allowing the divulgation on:
- institutional closed web (intranet).
- open access repositories.
3. Preparation and divulgation of the other publication derived from the article and its content, if there is citation of the original publication by RBN.
4. Make printed copies in small quatinties for personal use.