Achados patológicos e incidentais em anuros do Ceará, nordeste brasileiro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v25e-77787EResumo
Anfíbios são um dos grupos de vertebrados mais ameaçados globalmente, e os anuros são sua ordem mais representativa. Doenças infecciosas emergentes têm sido associadas ao declínio global das espécies de anfíbios, fenômeno relatado em todo o mundo. Na região Nordeste, o Ceará tem uma abundante anurofauna, com cerca de 5% de suas espécies sendo consideradas criticamente ameaçadas. Em projetos de pesquisa, várias patologias são observadas em anuros silvestres locais, contudo, poucos casos têm sido publicados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reunir achados patológicos e incidentais em anuros nativos do estado do Ceará, nordeste do Brasil. Os achados foram registrados durante necrópsias e exames clínicos. A amostra incluiu 38 espécimes, distribuídos em 13 espécies, originários de 13 localidades, examinados entre 2010 e 2022. A maioria das lesões (71%, n = 38) apontou para fisiopatologia inflamatória, incluindo infecções parasitárias com agentes lesionais - lesões granulomatosas e necrotizantes com inclusões intracitoplasmáticas, compatíveis com Mycobacteria e Ranavírus, respectivamente. Fibrolipoma e carcinoma hepatocelular se apresentaram como nódulos únicos, estando o último associado a uma infecção helmíntica cística. Calcinose hepática difusa representou doença de etiologia tóxico/metabólica. Catarata bilateral foi a alteração ocular mais frequente (60%, n=5), mas sem diagnóstico etiológico conclusivo. Indícios de doenças infecciosas foram detectados e necessitam de técnicas complementares de diagnóstico etiológico. A falta de laboratórios locais ou parceiros com técnicas diagnósticas específicas limitou alguns diagnósticos definitivos. Os achados aqui apresentados colocam o estado do Ceará no mapa de doenças preocupantes da anurofauna, que necessitam ser monitoradas.
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