Reproductive phenology and flower visitors of Cordia superba Cham. (Boraginaceae) in the restinga vegetation from Grumari, Rio de Janeiro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5216/rbn.v1i1.30357Keywords:
Entomophily, nectar robbing, pollinationAbstract
Cordia superba Cham. is a Brazilian endemic plant species which inhabits rainforests and restingas. We determined the reproductive phenology and floral visitors of C. superba at restinga de Grumari, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. We started the research in February 2012 and conducted 26 samples during a year. Six C. superba individuals were used different structures to characterize the flowering and fruiting reproductive phenophases. We assessed whether there was a significant difference in the presence of flowers and fruits formed throughout the year using Rayleigh test (Z, p<0.05). The flowering and fruitingphenophases were correlated with the monthly average of precipitation and temperature using Pearson’scorrelation coefficient. The species showed to be a continuous, annual and long-lasting blooming with a peak of flowering in April 2012 (Z= 17.03, p<0.01, r=0.47) and the fruiting in August 2012 (Z= 15.05, p<0.01, r=0.6). Only the frequency of flower buds was correlated with precipitation (r = 0.69, p <0.05). The flowers visitors were insects (three butterflies and three bees) but only two bees held illegitimate vi-sits. Our results demonstrate that C. superba showed a peak flowering defined in the restinga. Legitimate visits by bees and butterflies represent a generalist pollination for C. superba in the study area.
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