Efeito da idade a primeira concepção como critério de seleção em características de crescimento e carcaça em bovinos Nelore
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v25e-75632EResumo
Objetivou-se identificar características indicadoras de precocidade sexual de fácil mensuração e que podem ser registradas em menor idade (idade à primeira concepção - IPC), além de estimar as correlações genéticas dessa característica com aquelas de crescimento e carcaça em bovinos Nelore. A IPC foi considerada a idade em que a fêmea apresentou o primeiro diagnóstico positivo de prenhez. A estimativa dos componentes de (co)variância e dos parâmetros genéticos foi realizada usando modelo animal linear em análises bicaracterísticas. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram moderadas, indicando viabilidade de seleção genética para características de crescimento, carcaça e precocidade sexual. As correlações genéticas obtidas entre o IPC e a idade ao primeiro parto (IPP) foram altas (0,88), indicando a viabilidade do uso de IPC como critério de seleção para parto em idade precoce de novilhas. As estimativas de correlações genéticas entre IPC e IPP com peso aos 120, 210, 365 e 450 dias de idade e características de carcaça foram moderadas e negativas (-0,33 a -0,62). Assim, a seleção genética para animais com IPC e IPP precoces aumentaria o rendimento de carcaça, a deposição de gordura e o peso corporal, embora não afete o peso ao nascer e o ganho de peso diário. Os resultados deste estudo encorajam o uso de IPC em bovinos Nelore, uma vez que esta característica apresentou variabilidade genética em bovinos Nelore, podendo ser utilizada como critério de seleção para melhorar a precocidade sexual. Quando o objetivo de seleção genética é aumentar a precocidade sexual das novilhas, indica-se o uso de IPC como critério, pois a mensuração desta característica ocorre em idade menor IPP.
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