Effect of aflatoxin B1 on digestibility and blood parameters in horses

Auro César Braga; Fernando Queiroz de  Almeida; Vinicius Pimentel Silva; Kelly Moura Keller; Marina Prado Maciel; Maria Izabel Vieira Almeida; Carlos Alberto da Rocha Rosa

doi:10.5216/1809-6891v22e-63385

Authors

Auro César Braga Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3863-301X
Fernando Queiroz de Almeida Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0418-2775
Vinicius Pimentel Silva Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-2094
Kelly Moura Keller Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2882-512X
Marina Prado Maciel Exército Brasileiro, Escola de Sargentos das Armas - ESA, Três Corações, Minas Gerais, Brasil, marinapmaciel@yahoo.com.br https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-5112
Maria Izabel Vieira Almeida Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9292-8310
Carlos Alberto da Rocha Rosa Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-4549

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5216/1809-6891v22e-63385

Abstract

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of mycotoxins on the digestion of nutrients and on the hematological profile of horses. Twelve horses were used in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and four replicates. Aliquots of 50 or 100 µg kg^-1 of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) were added to a basal diet naturally containing mycotoxins. The basal diet did not contain AFB₁. The 40-day evaluation included a 12-day adaptation period and a 28-day experimental period. A digestion test was carried out at the end of the experimental period, using the partial stool collection method, using LIPE® as an indicator. Blood samples were collected once a week during 4 weeks of the essay for hematological and biochemical evaluations. The amounts of mycotoxins added did not influence the intake and digestibility of the nutrients (P>0.05). The aflatoxins in the diet influenced the white blood cell count, especially mature neutrophils and the creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase (P <0.05), which had higher activity in horses fed diets with greater toxicity.

Downloads

References

Buszewska-Forajta, M. Mycotoxins, invisible danger of feedstuff with toxic effect on animals. Toxicon (Oxford), 2020;182:34–53.

Fink-Gremmels, J.; Spronk L. Hygienic quality of feed: implications of feed contamination with moulds and mycotoxins on equine health and performance. In: European Equine Health and Nutrition Congress. Belgium: European Equine Health and Nutrition Congress.; 2013. p. 63–7.

Keller, K.M.; Queiroz, B.D.; Keller, L.A.M.; Ribeiro, J.M.M.; Cavaglieri, L.R.; González-Pereyra, M.L.; Dalcero, A, M.; Rosa, C.A.R. The mycobiota and toxicity of equines feeds. Vet Res Commun. 2007;(31):1037–45.

Anvisa/MS. Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada – RDC No 07, de 18 de fevereiro de 2011. Ministério da Saúde - MS Agência Nac Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA. 2011;2011:8.

Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Portaria MAPA/SNAD/SFA no 7, de 09 de novembro de 1988. Diário Of da União. 1988;09 nov.(Seção 1):21.968.

National Research Council - NRC. Nutrient requirements of horses. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 6a ed Rev; 2007. p. 341.

Shotwell, O.L.; Hesseltine, C.V.; Stubblefield, R.D.; Sorenson, W.G. Production of aflatoxin on rice. Appl Microbiol. 1966;(14):425–9.

Trucksess, M.W.; Stack, M.E.; Nesheim, S.; Albert, R.; Romer, T. Multifunctional column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in corn, almonds. Brazil nuts, peanuts, and pistachio nuts: Collaborative study. J AOAC Int. 1994;77:1512–21.

Silva, D.J.; Queiroz A. Análise de alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos. 3a. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, editor. UFV-Viçosa-MG; 2002. 235 p.

Van Soest, P.J.; Robertson, J.B.; Lewis B. Development of a comprrehensive sytem of feed analyses and its application to forages. J Anim Sci. 1991;74:3583–97.

Sistema de análises estatísticas e genéticas - SAEG. Viçosa -MG: Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 2007. p. 301.

Hodgson, D. R.; McKeever, K. H. and McGowan CM. The athletic horse: principles and practice of equine sports medicine. In: Hodgson, D.R.; Rose RJ, editor. Hematology and Biochemistry. 2nd ed. Philadelpia: Elsevier Saunders; 2014. p. 63–79.

Carlson, G.P. Coleta de amostras e interpretação dos exames laboratoriais. In: Smith B., editor. Tratado de medicina interna de grandes animais. São Paulo: Manole; 1993. p. 395–424.

Robinson, N. E.; Sprayberry, K.A. Current Therapy in Equine Medicine. 6a. St Louis (USA): Saunders; 2009.

Gonzalez, F. H. D.; Silva SC. Introdução a Bioquímica Clínica Veterinária. 2a. Porto Alegre - RS: UFRGS; 2006. 364 p, il.

Kerr, M.G. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Biochemistry and Haematology. 2a. Oxford- England: Blackwell Science; 2002. 392 p.

Padilha, F.G.F.; Dimache, L.A.G.; Almeida, F.Q.; Ferreira, A.M.R. Blood biochemical parameters of Brazilian sport horses under training in tropical climate. R Bras Zootec. 2017;46(8):678–82.

Khol-Parisini, A.; Hellweg, P.; Razzazi-Fazeli, E.; Saalmüller, A.; Strasser, A.; Tichy, A.; Zentek, J. Highly deoxynivalenol contaminated oats and immune function in horses. Arch Anim Nutr. 2012;66(2):149–61.

Schulz, A.K.; Kersten, S.; Dänicke, S.; Coenen, M.; Vervuert, I. Effects of deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated wheat on feed intake and health status of horses. Mycotoxin Res. 2015;31(4):209–16.

Bryden, W.L. Mycotoxin contamination of the feed supply chain: Implications for animal productivity and feed security. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2012;173:134–58. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.014

Pierron, A.; Alassane-Kpembi, I.; Oswald, I.P. Impact of mycotoxin on immune response and consequences for pig health. Anim Nutr. 2016;2:63–8.

Placinta, C.M.; D’mello, C.P.F.; Macdonald AM. A review of worldwide contamination of cereal grains and animal feed with Fusarium mycotoxins. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 1999;78:21–37.

Peng, Z.; Chen, L.; Nüssler, A.K.; Liu, L.; Yang, W. Current sights for mechanisms of deoxynivalenol‐induced hepatotoxicity and prospective views for future scientific research: A mini review. J Appl Toxicol. 2016; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3428

Caloni, F.; Cortinovis, C. Toxicological effects of aflatoxins in horses. Vet J. 2011;188:270–3. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.06.002

Cortinovis, C.; Battini, M.; Caloni, F. Deoxynivalenol and T-2 Toxin in Raw Feeds for Horses. J Equine Vet Sci. 2012;32:72–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2011.08.002

Riet-Correa, F.; Rivero, R.; Odriozola, E.; Adrien, M.L.; Medeiros, R.M.T.; Schild, A.L. Mycotoxicoses of ruminants and horses. J Vet Diagnostic Investig. 2013;25:692–708.

Maziero, M.T.; Bersot, L.S. Micotoxinas em alimentos produzidos no Brasil. Rev Bras Prod Agroindustriais. 2015;12(1):89–99.

Fazio, F.; Assenza, A.; Tosto, F.; Casella, S.; Piccione, G.; Caola, G. Training and haematochemical profile in Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds: A longitudinal study. Livest Sci. 2011;141:221–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.06.005

Ramasamy, S.; Wang, E.; Hennig, B.; Merrill, A.H. Fumonisin B1alters sphingolipid metabolism and disrupts the barrier function of endothelial cells in culture. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1995;133:343–8.

Abdul, N.S.; Marnewick, J.L. Fumonisin B1‐induced mitochondrial toxicity and hepatoprotective potential of rooibos: An update. J Appl Toxicol. 2020; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4036

Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M. Appropriate blood variables helpful in diagnosing (sub)clinical disease in the horse. In: Lindner A, editor. Conference on Equine Sports Medicine and Science. Cordoba, Spain: Wageningen Academic Publishers; 1998. p. 14–33.

Zaher, D.M.; Mohammed, I.G.; Omar, H.A.; Aljareh, S.N.; Al‐Shamma, S.A.; Ali, A.J.; Zaib, Z.; Iqba, J. Recent advances with alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and their inhibitors. Arch Pharm. 2020;353. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.202000011

Voss, K.A.; Smith, G.W.; Haschek, W.M.; Fumonisins: Toxicokinetics, mechanism of action and toxicity. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2007;137:299–325.

Kamle, M.; Mahato, D. K.; Devi, S.; Lee, K. E.; Kang, S.G.; Kumar.P. Human Health and their Management Strategies. Toxins (Basel). 2019;1–23.

Trueman, K.F.; Lumsden, J.H.; Mcsherry, B.J. Examination of the origin of increased equine serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Can Vet J.1983;24:108–11.