Avaliação da toxicidade de compostos bioativos contra patógenos causadores de mastite em células epiteliais mamárias bovinas

Alcione Santa Catarina; Rafaelly Silva Lima Oliveira; Pamela Thaiany Filgueira da Silva; Dalila Moter Benvegnu; Karina Ramirez Starikoff; José Augusto Ferronatto; Marta Lizandra do Rêgo Leal; Luciana Bignardi de Soares Brisola Casimiro da Costa; Karla Patrícia Chaves da Silva; Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera; Fernando Nogueira de Souza; Maiara Blagitz

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v26e-81752E

Authors

Alcione Santa Catarina Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza, Paraná, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9531-7611
Rafaelly Silva Lima Oliveira Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Viçosa, Alagoas, Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5031-9093
Pamela Thaiany Filgueira da Silva Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Viçosa, Alagoas, Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8848-1965
Dalila Moter Benvegnu Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza, Paraná, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3419-9674
Karina Ramirez Starikoff Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza, Paraná, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-9972
José Augusto Ferronatto Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-745X
Marta Lizandra do Rêgo Leal Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-2613
Luciana Bignardi de Soares Brisola Casimiro da Costa The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-4047
Karla Patrícia Chaves da Silva Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Viçosa, Alagoas, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7286-0566
Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5767-5920
Fernando Nogueira de Souza Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-0939
Maiara Blagitz Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza, Paraná, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-7530

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v26e-81752E

Abstract

Bovine mastitis represents a significant economic challenge in dairy production and is responsible for the extensive use of antimicrobials, accounting for approximately 60% of all antibiotics administered to dairy cows. This contributes to the selective pressure for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. However, the use of alternative therapeutic compounds has emerged as a promising strategy. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of nisin and three plant-derived essential oils from Melaleuca alternifolia, Syzygium aromaticum, and Citrus sinensis in immortalised bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells), using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against the bovine major mastitis pathogens. The results demonstrated that, although the plant-derived essential oils exhibited antimicrobial activity against the major mastitis pathogens, their clinical application would be limited due to the high cytotoxicity observed at effective antimicrobial concentrations. In contrast, nisin showed notable antimicrobial efficacy combined with in vitro safety, preserving the viability of mammary epithelial cells at all tested concentrations. This highlights the potential of this bacteriocin for the treatment of intramammary infections in dairy cattle. Future research involving the antimicrobial application of the essential oils analysed in this study should focus on identifying the specific molecules responsible for the antimicrobial activity, with the aim of developing effective and less cytotoxic formulations. Therefore, cytotoxicity assessment is essential to ensure the safe clinical use of alternative antimicrobials.

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