Relative bioeffectiveness of hydroxy calcium salt analogous methionine compared to DL-methionine on the performance of light laying hens in the production phase
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v26e-81118EAbstract
Abstract: The study evaluated the relative bioefficacy of HMBA-Ca compared to DLM at digestible Met+Cys levels for lightweight laying hens from 42 to 62 weeks of age on performance, egg quality, feather score condition, and economic assessment. A total of 1,080 Hy-Line W80 hens were allocated to nine treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2×4+1 factorial arrangement (2 sources, 4 levels of digestible methionine+cystine supplementation: 0.46, 0.54, 0.56, and 0.58 %, plus 1 unsupplemented group). Both sources met the nutritional requirements, with DLM being more efficient at levels close to the minimum requirement, favoring egg weight, whereas HMBA-Ca showed better performance at higher levels, with a greater yolk percentage and improved feather score. Eggshell quality was not compromised, even with the increase in egg size. The economic analysis indicated the lowest cost per dozen at intermediate levels (0.50–0.54 %), but HMBA-Ca at 0.58 % resulted in the highest net margin (103 %) and return per dollar invested, maintaining an advantage even under simulated scenarios of exchange rate variation. It is concluded that, although both sources are effective, supplementation with HMBA-Ca at 0.58 % represents the most advantageous strategy by combining productive performance, feather quality, and greater profitability under favorable market conditions.
Key-words: economic index; egg production; plumage score; sulfur amino acids.
Downloads
References
Marcelline SP, Toghyani M, Chrystal PV, Selle PH, Liu SY. Amino acid requirements for laying hens: a comprehensive review. Poultry Scince. 2021; 100:101036. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101036
Guangtian MA, Habtamu A, Tahir, M, Yves M, Jing W, Jing L, Shugeng W, Kai Q, Haijun Z. Methionine and vitamin E supplementation improve production performance, antioxidante potential, and liver health in aged laying hens. Poultry Science. 2024; 103: 104415. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104415
Zhou H, Yuan Z, Chen D, Wang H, Shu Y, Gao J, Htoo JK, Yu B. Bioavailability of the dl-methionine and the calcium salt of dl-methionine hydroxy analog compared with l-methionine for nitrogen retention in starter pigs. J Anim Sci. 2021. 6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab151
Vázquez-Añón M, Bertin G, Mercier Y, Reznik G, Roberton JL. Review of the chemistry, metabolism, and dose response of two supplemental methionine sources and the implications in their relative bioefficacy. Poultry Science Journal. 2017; 73: 725-736. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933917000551
Fickler J, Heimbeck W, Hess V, Reimann I, Reising J, Wiltafsky M, Zimmer U. AMINO Dat 5.0. Animal Nutritionist’s Information Edge. 2016. July 09. https://www.academia.edu/38777571/AMINODat_5.0_-_The_animal_nutritionists_information_edge
Card LE, Nesheim, MC. Producción Avícola. Zaragoza: Acribia. 1968.
Hamilton RMG. “Methods and factors that affect the measurement of egg shell quality”. Poultry Science. 1982; 61: 2022-2039. https://doi.org/doi:10.3382/ps.0612022
Tauson R, Kjaer J, Maria GA, Cepero R, Holm K. Applied scoring of integument and health in laying hens. Applied Scoring of Integument and Health in Laying Hens. Animal Science Papers and Reports. 2006; 23: 153-159.
Barbosa HP, Fialho ET, Ferreira ASG, Lima JMM, Gomes MFM. Triguilho para suínos nas fases inicial de crescimento, crescimento e terminação”. Revista Sociedade Brasileira Zootecnia. 1992; 21: 827–837.
Costa FGP, Goulart CDEC, Costa JS, Souza CJDE, Barros LR, Silva JHV. Desempenho, qualidade de ovos e análise econômica da produção de poedeiras semipesadas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de raspa de mandioca. Acta Scientiarum Acta Sciences. 2009; 31: 13-18. doi: https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v31i1.457
Agresti A. Na introduction to categorical data analysis. Jonh Wiley and Sons: New York. 2007.
Littell RC, Henry PR, Lewis AJ, Ammerman CB. Estimation of relative bioavailability of nutrients using SAS procedures. Journal Animal Science. 1997; 75: 2672–2683. doi: https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.75102672x
Daryoush B, Pouria AS. Methionine in Poultry Nutrition: A Review. Journal of World’s Poultry Science. 2022; 1: 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10,58803/jwps.v1i1.1
Esteve-Garcia, E, Khan, DR, Relative Bioavailability of DL and L-Methionine in Broilers. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 2018; 8: 151–162. doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2018.82011
Niknafs S, Fortes MRS, Cho S, Black JL, Roura E. Alanine-specific appetite in slow growing chickens is associated with impaired glucose transport and TCA cycle. BMC Genomics. 2022; 23:393. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08625-2
Heeley N, Blouet C. Central Amino Acid Sensing in the Control of Feeding Behavior. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2016; 23:148. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2016.00148
Wu Y, Tang J, Cao J, Zhang B, Chen Y, Xie M, Zhou Z, Hou S. Effect of Dietary L-Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Plasma Parameters of Starter Pekin Ducks at Different Dietary Energy Levels. Animals. 2021; 11: 144. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010144
Xião X, Wang Y, Liu W, Ju T, Zhan X. Effects of different methionine sources on production and reproduction performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indices of broiler breeders. Asiático-Australas Journal Animal Science. 2017; 30: 828-833. doi: https://doi.org/10.5713%2Fajas.16.0404
Ma M, Geng S, Liu M, Zhao L, Zhang J, Huang S, Ma Q. Effects of Different Methionine Levels in Low Protein Diets on Production Performance, Reproductive System, Metabolism, and Gut Microbiota in Laying Hens. Front. Nutr. 2021; 8. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.739676
Hiramoto K, Muramatsu T, Okumura J. Effect of Methionine and Lysine Deficiencies on Protein Synthesis in the Liver and Oviduct and in the Whole Body of Laying Hens. Poultry Science. 1990; 69: 84-89. doi: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0690084
Ma G, Ayalew H, Mahmood T, Mercier Y, Wang J, Lin J, Wu S, Qiu K, Qi G, Zhang H. Methionine and vitamin E supplementation improve production performance, antioxidant potential, and liver health in aged laying hens. Poultry Science. 2024; 103 (12): 104415. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104415
Nelson DL, Cox MM. Princípios de bioquímica de Lehninger. Artmed, Porto Alegre. 2019.
Kodali VK, Gannon AS, Paramasivan S, Raje S, Polenova T, Thorpe C. A Novel Disulfide-Rich Protein Motif from Avian Eggshell Membranes”. PLosone. 2011; 6: e18187. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0018187
EFSA. Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Fee (FEEDAP). Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of calcium hydroxy analogue of methionine (HMBA-Ca) as a feed additive for poultry. EFSA Journal. 2012; 10(3): 2610. doi: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2610
Esteve-Garcia E, Khan DR. Relative Biovailability of DL and L-Methionine in Broiles. 2018; 8: 151-162. doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2018.82011
Martín-Venegas RM, Rodriguez-Lagunas MJ, Geraert P, Ferrer R. Monocarboxylate transporter 1 mediates DL-2-hydroxy- (4-methylthio) butanoic acid transport across the apical membrane of Caco-2 cell monolayers. Journal Nutrition. 2017; 137: 49-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.1.49
Maynard CW, Gilbert E, Yan F, Cline MA, Dridi, S. Peripheral and Central Impact of Methionine Source and Level on Growth Performance, Circulating Methionine Levels and Metabolism in Broiler Chickens. Animals. 2023; 13(12), 1961. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13121961
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Brazilian Animal Science/ Ciência Animal Brasileira

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Data statement
-
The research data is available on demand, condition justified in the manuscript























