Estrus response patches, timing for artificial insemination, and GnRH protocol in Split Timed AI beef cattle

Danilo Demeterco; Ryon  S. Walker; Luiz Ernandes Kozicki; Vitor Mohad Valle; A.K. Edwards; J.E. Anderson; Cathleen Collet Williams

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v24e-75115E

Authors

Danilo Demeterco LSU AgCenter, Louisiana, United States https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9556-6095
Ryon S. Walker McGregor Research Center, Texas, United States and Texas A & M AgriLife Research, Texas, United States https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8001-1938
Luiz Ernandes Kozicki Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-1811
Vitor Mohad Valle Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5546-5604
A.K. Edwards LSU AgCenter, Louisiana, United States https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-3741
J.E. Anderson Southern Cultured Creamery, Pontotoc, Mississippi, United States https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4107-6733
Cathleen Collet Williams LSU AgCenter, Louisiana, United States https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-7011

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v24e-75115E

Abstract

An estrous-detection patch was used to determine the optimum timing for STAI and the necessity of GnRH at STAI on a 7-day CO-Synch+CIDR protocol. Crossbred beef cows (n=216) were stratified into the following treatment groups: CTRL=TAI (n=67) at 72 h post CIDR removal, or TRT=STAI (n=149) at 72 or 84 h post CIDR removal. All females received GnRH (100 mcg) plus a CIDR on d0, PGF2α, CIDR removal, and an Estrotect estrous-detector patch on d7. At 72 h post-CIDR removal, a patch score was assigned (PS1<50% removed; PS2>50% removed) to all females. Cows in the CTRL group were administered a second GnRH (100 mcg) at 72 h TAI. Cows in the TRT group with PS2 were not administered GnRH. At 84 h, the remaining TRT group cows were given a second PS; cows with PS1 received a GnRH (100 mcg), and cows with PS2 were not administered. Results: The TAI pregnancy rates were similar (P=0.81) between the CTRL (45.6%) and TRT (44.8%) groups. Pregnancy rates tended to be higher (P=0.07) for cows with PS2 (50.3%) than for those with PS1 (29.4%). However, by extending TAI to 84 h in unresponsive cows, 82.0% of TRT cows did not receive a second injection of GnRH at TAI. It was concluded that the estrous detector patches reduced the percentage of cows that required GnRH at TAI without compromising pregnancy rates. The estrous detector patches significantly reduced the number of cows that received a second GnRH injection at TAI.
Keywords: Split-time artificial insemination; STAI; GnRH; Beef cattle; heat detector.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Foote, RH. The history of artificial insemination: Selected notes and notables. Journal of Animal Science. 2002; 80, 1-10. (https://doi.org/10.2527/animalsci2002.80e-suppl_21a)

Dick, M, Silva, MA, Dewes, H. Mitigation of environmental impacts of beef cattle production in southern Brazil – Evaluation using farm-based life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2015; 87, 58–67. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.10.087)

Troy, SM, Duthie, CA, Ross, DW, Hyslop, JJ, Roehe, R, Waterhouse, A, Rooke, JA. A comparison of methane emissions from beef cattle measured using methane hoods with those measured using respiration chambers. Animal Feed Science Technology. 2016; 211, 227–240. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.005)

Parlasca, MC, Qaim, M. Meat consumption and sustainability. Annual Review of Resources Economics. 2022; 14:17-41.

Burns, BM, Fordyce, G, Holroyd, RG. A review of factors that impact on the capacity of beef cattle females to conceive, maintain a pregnancy and wean a calf—Implications for reproductive efficiency in northern Australia. Animal Reproduction Science. 2010; 122(1), 1–22. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.04.010)

Souza, AB, Segui, MS, Kozicki, LE, Weiss, RR, Bertol, MAF, Oliveira, DAM, Abreu, ACMR. Impact of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin Associated with Temporary Weaning, Estradiol Benzoate, or Estradiol Cypionate on Timed Artificial Insemination in Primiparous Bos Indicus Cows. Brazilian Archive of Biology and Technology. 2016; 59. (https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2016150389)

Nebel, RL, Dransfield, MG, Jobst, SM, Bame, JH. Automated electronic systems for the detection of oestrus and timing of AI in cattle. Animal Reproduction Science. 2000; 60–61, 713–723. (https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00090-7)

Baruselli, PS, Sales, JNS, Sala, RV, Vieira, LM, Sá Filho, MF. History, evolution and perspectives of timed artificial insemination programs in Brazil. Animal Reproduction. 2012; 9(3),139-152.

Lamb, GC, Mercadante, VRG, Henry, DD, Fontes, PLP, Dahlen, CR, Larson, JE, DiLorenzo, N. Invited Review: Advantages of current and future reproductive technologies for beef cattle production. The Professional Animal Scientist. 2016; 32(2), 162–171. (https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2015-01455)

Hill, SL, Grieger, DM, Olson, KC, Jaeger, JR, Dahlen, CR, Bridges, GA, Dantas, F, Larson, JE, Muth-Spurlock, AM, Ahola, JK, Fischer, MC, Perry, GA, Larimore, EL, Steckler, TL, Whittier, WD, Currin, JF, Stevenson, JS.Using estrus-detection patches to optimally time insemination improved pregnancy risk in suckled beef cows enrolled in a fixed-time artificial insemination program. Journal of Animal Science. 2016; 94, 3703-3710. (https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016-0469)

Hill, SL, Grieger DM, Olson, KC, Jaeger, JR, Dahlen, CR, Crosswhite, MR, Negrin Pereira, N, Underdahl, SR, Neville, BW, Ahola, J, Fischer, MC, Seidel, GE, Stevenson, JS. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone increased pregnancy risk in suckled beef cows not detected in estrus and subjected to a split-time artificial insemination program. Journal of Animal Science. 2016; 94, 3722-3728. (https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016-0582)

Bishop, BE, Thomas, JM, Abel, JM, Poock, SE, Ellersieck, MR, Smith, MF, Patterson, DJ. Split-time artificial insemination in beef cattle: III. Comparing fixed-time artificial insemination to split-time artificial insemination with delayed administration of GnRH in postpartum cows. Theriogenology. 2017; 99, 48-52. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.046)

Stevenson, JS, Hill, SL, Grieger, DM, Olson, KC, Jaeger, JR, Ahola, JK, Seidel, GE, Kasimanickam, RK. Two split-time artificial insemination programs in suckled beef cows. Journal of Animal Science. 2017; 95, 5105-5111. (https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7557)

Bishop, BE, Thomas, JM, Abel, JM, Poock, SE, Ellersieck, MR, Smith, MF, Patterson, DJ. Split-time artificial insemination in beef cattle: Using estrous response to determine the optimal time(s) at which to administer GnRH in beef heifers and postpartum com Theriogenology. 2016 86(4),1102-1110. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.043 )

Ketchum, JN, Bonacker, RC, Andersen,CM, Smith, EG, Stoecklein, KS, Spinka, CM, JM, Thomas, JM. Evaluation of later timepoints for split-time artificial insemination when using sex-sorted semen among beef heifers following the 14-d CIDR®-PG protocol. Animal Reproduction Science. 2021; 224, 106649

Knickmeyer, ER, Thomas, JM, Locke, JWC, Bonacker, RC, Ellersieck, MR, Poock, SE, Smith, MF, Patterson, DJ, Evaluation of split-time artificial insemination following administration of a long or short-term progestin-based estrus synchronization protocol in beef heifers. Theriogenology. 2019; 133, 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.011.

Abraham, GE, Swerdloff, R, Tulchinsky, D, Odell, WD. Radioimmunoassay of Plasma Progesterone. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinol & Metabolism. 1971; 32(5), 619–624. (https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-32-5-619)

Pereira, MHC, Wiltbank, MC, Vasconcelos, JLM. Expression of estrus improves fertility and decreases pregnancy losses in lactating dairy cows that receive artificial insemination or embryo transfer. Journal of Dairy Science. 2016; 99(3), 2237–2247. (https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9903)

Stegner, JE, Bader, JF, Kojima, FN, Ellersieck, MR, Smith, MF, Patterson, DJ. Fixed-time artificial insemination of postpartum beef cows at 72 or 80 h after treatment with the MGA® Select protocol. Theriogenology. 2004; 61(7-8), 1299–1305. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.07.023)

Lamb, GC, Larson, JE, Geary, TW, Stevenson, JS, Johnson, SK, Day, ML, Landblom, DG. Synchronization of estrus and artificial insemination in replacement beef heifers using gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F 2α, and progesterone. Journal of Animal Science. 2006; 84(11), 3000–3009. (https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-220)

Bishop, BE. Timing GnRH administration with split-time artificial insemination following administration of CIDR-based protocols to synchronize estrus and ovulation in beef heifers and cows. Master’s Thesis. Retrieved from University of Missouri – Columbia. 2015. (https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/handle/10355/48583)

Walker, RS., Buttrey, B, Gurie, J, Gentry, GT. Evaluating heat detector patch response to determine gonadotropin-releasing hormone use at timed artificial insemination on pregnancy rates in beef cattle. The Professional Animal Scientist. 2014; 30(6), 613–619. (https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2014-01324)

Geary, TW, Whittier, JC. Effects of timed insemination following synchronization of ovulation using the Ovsynch or CO-Synch protocol in beef cows. The Professional Animal Scientist. 1998; 14, 217-220. (https://doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31832-5)

Pursley, JR, Mee, MO, Wiltbank, MC. Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2α and GnRH. Theriogenology. 1995; 44, 915-923. (https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(95)00279-h)

Larson, JE, Lamb, GC, Stevenson, JS, Johnson, SK, Day, ML, Geary, TW, Kesler, DJ, DeJarnette, JM, Schrick, FN, DiCostanzo, A, Arsenau, JD. Synchronization of estrus in suckled beef cows for detected estrus and artificial insemination and timed artificial insemination using gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin F2α and progesterone. Journal of Animal Science. 2006; 84, 332-342. (https://doi.org/10.2527/2006.842332x)

Walker, RS, Burns, PD, Whittier, JC, Sides, GE, Zalesky, DD. Evaluation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Insemination Time Using the CO-Synch Protocol in Beef Cows. The Professional Animal Scientist. 2005; 21(3), 190–194. (https://doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31201-8)

Howard, JM, Falk, DG, Carnahan, KG, Dalton, JC, Chebel, RC, Ahmadzadeh, A. The Use of Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone in a Progesterone-Based Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol in Replacement Beef Heifers. The Professional Animal Science. 2009; 25(6), 757–761. (https://doi.org/10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30785-3)