Effects of 48-hour feed deprivation on acute-phase response in horses

Paula Alessandra Di Filippo; Bárbara Ribeiro Duarte; Antônio Peixoto Albernaz; Leandro Abreu da Fonseca; Inácio Silva Viana; Célia Raquel Quirino

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v23e-72445E

Authors

Paula Alessandra Di Filippo Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9601-4471
Bárbara Ribeiro Duarte Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2898-2603
Antônio Peixoto Albernaz Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2242-8502
Leandro Abreu da Fonseca Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5296-6657
Inácio Silva Viana Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3678-0611
Célia Raquel Quirino Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense "Darcy Ribeiro" (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6039-1259

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v23e-72445E

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on acute-phase response in horses. Twenty horses were deprived of food for 48 h and others 12 animals (control) had free access to water and hay. They were closely monitored and examined, and blood samples were taken at the beginning (0) of the study and 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours afterward. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and statistical significance was P ≤ 0.05. The horses tolerated feed restriction without serious clinical complications. Feed restriction induced an increase in the acute-phase response by elevating serum concentrations of α2-macroglobulin (24-38 h), ceruloplasmin (36-48 h), α1-antitrypsin (30-48 h), α1-acid glycoprotein (42-48 h) and haptoglobin (42-48 h). Nutrient deprivation raised the levels of circulating cortisol, which acts on the innate immune system, which then induces the acute-phase response. In conclusion, food restriction is a physical stressor for horses, capable of inducing an acute-phase protein reaction, characterized by increased production of α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin.
Keywords: Equine; Feed restriction; Inflammation; Immune response; Proteins; Stress.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on acute-phase response in horses. Twenty horses were deprived of food for 48 h and others 12 animals (control) had free access to water and hay. They were closely monitored and examined, and blood samples were taken at the beginning (0) of the study and 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours afterward. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and statistical significance was P ≤ 0.05. The horses tolerated feed restriction without serious clinical complications. Feed restriction induced an increase in the acute-phase response by elevating serum concentrations of α2-macroglobulin (24-38 h), ceruloplasmin (36-48 h), α1-antitrypsin (30-48 h), α1-acid glycoprotein (42-48 h) and haptoglobin (42-48 h). Nutrient deprivation raised the levels of circulating cortisol, which acts on the innate immune system, which then induces the acute-phase response. In conclusion, food restriction is a physical stressor for horses, capable of inducing an acute-phase protein reaction, characterized by increased production of α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin.
Keywords: Equine; Feed restriction; Inflammation; Immune response; Proteins; Stress.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Park SK, Jung HJ, Choi YL, Kwon OS, Jung YH, Cho C, Yoon M. The Effect of Living Conditions on Stress and Behavior of Horses. Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 2013;55: 325-330. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2013.55.4.325.

Mason G, Clubb R, Latham N, Vickery S. Why and how should we use environmental enrichment to tackle stereotypic behaviour? Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2007;102:163-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.041.

Carroll JA, Reuter RR, Chase CCJR, Coleman SW, Riley DG, Spiers DE, Arthington JD, Galyean ML. Profile of the bovine acute-phase response following an intravenous bolus-dose lipopolysaccharide challenge. Innate Immunity. 2009;15(2):81-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753425908099170.

Murata H, Shimada N, Yoshioka M. Current research on acute phase proteins in veterinary diagnosis: an overview. Veterinary Journal. 2004;168:28–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-0233(03)00119-9.

Cray C, Zaias J, Altman NH. Acute phase response in animals: a review. Comparative Medice. 2009;59(6):517-526. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2798837/

Carroll CL, Huntington PJ. Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses. Equine Veterinary Journal. 1988, 20(1):41-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01451.x.

Kaneko, J. J.; harvey, J. W.; bruss, M. L. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 6ª ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 2008.

Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970;227(5259):680-685. https://www.nature.com/articles/227680a0.

SAS. Institute. Statistical Analysis System: user guide [CD-ROM]. Version 8. Cary (NC): SAS Insitute, 1999.

Kim MH, Yang JY, Padhaya SD, Lee HJ, Yun CH, Ha JK. The stress of weaning influences serum levels of acute-phase proteins, iron-binding proteins, inflammatory cytokines, cortisol, and leukocyte subsets in Holstein calves. Journal Veterinary Science. 2011;12(2):151-157. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2011.12.2.151.

Grandin T. Assessment of stress during handling and transport. Journal of Animal Science. 1997;75:249-257. https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.751249x.

Arthington JD, Eichert SD, Kunkle WE, Martin FG. Effect of transportation and commingling on the acute-phase protein response, growth, and feed intake of newly weaned beef calves. Journal of Animal Science. 2003;81(5):1120-1125. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.8151120x.

Sunil Kumar BV, Singh G, Meur SK. Effects of addition of electrolyte and ascorbic acid in feeding during heat stress in bufalloes. Asian-Australas Journal of Animal Science. 2010;23:880-888. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90053.

Kelley KW. Stress and immune function: a bibliographic review. Annales Recherche Veterinary. 1980; 11:445-478. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00901297/document.

Lee H, Khan MA, Lee W, Kim H, Ki K, Kang S, Hu TY, Choi Y. Growth, Blood Metabolites, and Health of Holstein Calves Fed Milk Replacer Containing Different Amounts of Energy and Protein. Journal of Animal Sciences. 2008;21:198-203. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70261.

Murray MJ, Eichorn ES. Effects of intermittent feed deprivation, intermittent feed deprivation with ranitidine administration, and stall confinement with ad libitum access to hay on gastric ulceration in horses. American Journal of Veterinary research. 1996;57(11):1599-603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-120-134.

Marques RS, Cooke RF, Francisco CL, Bohnert DW. Effects of twenty-four hour transport or twenty-four hour feed and water deprivation on physiologic and performance responses of feeder cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 2012;90(13):5040-5046. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5425.

Marques RS, Bohnert DW, Sousa OA, Brandão AP, Schumaher TF, Schubach KM, Vilela MP, Rett B, Cooke RF. Impact of 24-h feed, water, or feed and water deprivation on feed intake, metabolic, and inflammatory responses in beef heifers. Journal of Animal Science. 2019;97(1):398-406. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky397.

Lyoumim S, Tamion F, Petit J, Déchelotte P, Dauguet C, Scotté M, Hiron M, Leplingard A, Salier JP, Daveau M, Lebreton JP. Induction and modulation of acute-phase response by protein malnutrition in rats: comparative effect of systemic and localized inflammation on interleukin-6 and acute-phase protein synthesis. Journal of Nutrition. 1998; 128(2):166-74. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/128.2.166.

Cooke RF. Invited paper: nutritional and management considerations for beef cattle experiencing stress-induced inflammation. The Professional Animal. 2017; 33:1–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2016-01573.

Ceciliani F, Ceron JJ, Eckersall PD, Sauerwein H. Acute phase proteins in ruminants. Journal of Proteomics. 2012;75(14):4207-4231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.004.

Galyean ML, Lee RW, Hubbert ME. Influence of fasting and transit on ruminal and blood metabolites in beef steers. Journal of Animal Science. 1981;53:7–18. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1981.5317.

Cole NA, Phillips WA, Hutcheson DP. The effect of pre-fast diet and transport on nitrogen metabolism of calves. Journal of Animal Science. 1986;62:1719–1731. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.6261719x.

Cole NA, Hutcheson DP. Influence of prefast feed intake on recovery from feed and water deprivation by beef steers. Journal of Animal Science. 1985;60:772–780. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1985.603772x.

Kvidera SK, Horst EA, Sanz Fernandez MV, Abuajamieh M, Ganesan S, Gorden PJ, Green HB, Schoenberg KM, Trout WE, Keating AF, Baumgard LH. Characterizing effects of feed restriction and glucagon-like peptide 2 administration on biomarkers of inflammation and intestinal morphology. Journal Dairy Science. 2017;100(11):9402-9417. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13229.

Di Filippo PA, Duarte BR, Albernaz AP, Quirino CR. Effects of feed deprivation on physical and blood parameters of horses. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2021;43(1): e000321. https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000321