Evaluation of environmental parameters in a microregion in southern Amazonas State, Brazil, and their relationship with heat stress in dairy cattle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v23e-71625EAbstract
Environmental thermal comfort provides higher efficiency in the exploitation of dairy farming, as the responses of animals to the environment are decisive in the activity’s success. This study aimed to evaluate heat stress in dairy cows in the municipality of Humaitá, located in the south of the Amazonas State (AM), Brazil. Air temperature (TA) and relative humidity (RH) data were used to calculate the temperature humidity index (THI) in the dry (August 2020) and rainy seasons (January 2021). The August data were collected at the automatic weather station belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology. The January data were collected by a Hobo® U23-001 thermo-hygrometer installed at Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida. The hourly and monthly means of the data were calculated and, subsequently, boxplots were plotted. TA and RH were 0.65 °C and 0.64% below the provisional climatological normal (PCN), respectively, for August, while January presented 0.77 °C and 3.61% above the PCN, respectively. THI values ranged from 56.25 (comfortable) to 84.68 (emergency) in August and 74.15 (comfortable) to 84.07 (emergency) in January. The maximum THI was observed in August, as well as the largest range. The results allow inferring that heat stress in dairy cows in the municipality of Humaitá-AM presents a state of alert even for cross-breed animals. Thus, the use of shading in pastures is suggested to minimize the effect of heat stress on the productive performance of the animals.
Keywords: Cattle farming; animal stress; dairy production.
Downloads
References
Zoccal R. Conjuntura do Mercado Lácteo. Centro de Inteligência do Leite. Juiz de Fora. Embrapa Gado de Leite, 2012. Disponível em: http://www.cileite.com.br/content/conjuntura-do-mercado-l%C3%A1cteo.
Rodrigues AL, de Souza BB, Pereira FJM. "Influência do sombreamento e dos sistemas de resfriamento no conforto térmico de vacas leiteiras." Agropecuária Científica no Semiárido 6.02 (2010): 14-22.
Neiva JNM, Teixeira M, Turco HN, Oliveira SMP, Moura ADAAN. Efeito do estresse climático sobre os parâmetros produtivos e fisiológicos de ovinos Santa Inês mantidos em confinamento na região litorânea do Nordeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa - MG, v.33, n.3, p.668-678, 2004.
Delfino L.J, de Souza BB, da Silva RM, & Silva WW, (2012). Efeito do estresse calórico sobre o eritrograma de ruminantes. Agropecuária Científica no Semiárido, 8(2), 01-07.
Broom D M. Indicators of poor welfare. British Veterinary Journal, London, v.142, p.524526, 1986.
Roth Z. Effect of heat stress on reproduction in dairy cows: insights into the cellular and molecular responses of the oocyte. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, v. 5, p. 151-170, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022849
Jimenez Filho DL. Estresse calórico em vacas leiteiras: implicações e manejo nutricional. Pubvet, v. 7, n. 25, ed. 248, Art..1640, Suplemento 1, 2013.
Melo AF, Moreira JM, Ataídes DS, Guimarães RAM, Loiola JL, & Sardinha HC. (2016). Efeitos do estresse térmico na produção de vacas leiteiras: Revisão. Pubvet, 10, 721-794.DOI: http://10.22256/pubvet.v10n10.721-730.
de Souza BB, Batista JN, Borges LD, Lima LA, & da Silva EMN. (2015). Termorregulação em ruminantes. Agropecuária Científica no Semiárido, 11(2), 39-46. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30969/acsa.v11i2.674
Nascimento GV, Cardoso EA, Batista NL, Souza BB, Cambuí GB (2013) Indicadores produtivos, fisiológicos e comportamentais de vacas de leite. Agropecuária Científica no Semiárido 9:28-36.DOI: http://150.165.111.246/ojs-patos/index.php/ACSA
Dash S, Chakravarty AK, Singh A, Upadhyay A, Singh M, & Yousuf S. (2016). Effect of heat stress on reproductive performances of dairy cattle and buffaloes: A review. Veterinary world, 9(3), 235.. DOI: http://10.14202/vetworld.2016.235-244
Collier RJ, Baumgard LH, Zimbelman, RB, & Xiao Y. (2019). Heat stress: physiology of acclimation and adaptation. Animal Frontiers, 9(1), 12-19.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfy031
Thom EC. 1959. The discomfort index Weatherwise. 60:12-57.
Rosanova C. Rebouças GF, da Silva MDMP, Rezende DMLC, da Rocha AS, Pereira Junior A & da Silva EW. (2020). Determinação do ITU–índice de temperatura e umidade da região de Araguaína-TO para avaliação do conforto térmico de bovinos leiteiros. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(9), 69254-69258. DOI:https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n9-391
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Amazonas. 2017.
Koppen W. Das geographische System der Klimate. In: Koppen, W.; Geiger, R. (Eds): Handbuch der Klimatologie. Berlin: Gebrüder Bornträger, 1936. Banda 1, Parte C, p. 1-44.
da Silva Martins PA, Querino CAS, Moura MAL, da Silva Querino, JKA, Bentolila LBV, & dos Santos Silva PC. (2020). Balanço hídrico climatológico e classificação climática de thornthwaite e mather (1955) para o município de manicoré, na mesorregião sul do amazonas. Irriga, 25(3), 641-655.. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2020v25n3p641-655
Pedreira Junior AL, Querino CAS, Querino JKA da Silva, Santos LOF dos, Moura AR de M, Machado NG, Biudes M S. Variabilidade Horaria e Intensidade Sazonal da Precipitação no Município de Humaitá–AM. Revista Brasileira de Climatologia, 2018. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/abclima.v22i0.58089
INMET – Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Normais Climatológicas do Brasil 1961-1990. Brasília, DF. 465p. 2009.
Rosenberg LJ, Biad BL, Vernd SB. Human and animal biometeorology. In: Microclimate, thebiological environment. New York: Wiley-interscience Publication, 485p. 1983.
R Core Team.R:A Langguage and Environment for Statistical Computing.Vienna, Austria, 2019. disponivel em:<https://www.R-project.org/>.
de Miranda JEC, de Freitas AF. Raças e tipos de cruzamentos para produção de leite. Embrapa Gado de Leite-Circular Técnica (INFOTECA-E), 2009.
dos Santos Neto LA, Maniesi V, da Silva MJG, Querino CAS, Lucas EWM, Braga AP, & da Paixão Ataíde KR. (2014). Distribuição Horaria da Precipitação em Porto Velho-RO. Revista Brasileira de Climatologia, 14 (2014).
Hotzel MJ, Machado Filho LCP. Bem estar animal na agricultura do século XXI. Revicta de etologia, v.6, n.1, p.3-15,2004.
Gan MA, Kousky V E, & Ropelewski C F. The South America monsoon circulation and its relationship to rainfall over west-central Brazil. Journal of climate 17.1 (2004): 47-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<0047:TSAMCA>2.0.CO;2
Turco JEP, Faria MT, Fernandes EJ. Influência da forma de obtenção do saldo de radiação na comparação de métodos de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência. Irriga, Botucatu, v. 10, n. 3, p. 215-228, 2005.
Lima MTV, Feitosa JV, Oliveira CW, & da Costa ANL. (2019). Influência da temperatura e umidade sobre o conforto térmico bovino em Barbalha, Ceará. PubVet, v. 13, p. 162, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v13n12a477.1-8
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Brazilian Animal Science/ Ciência Animal Brasileira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
