Identification and resistance to Salmonella enterica antimicrobials isolated from live birds in commercial resellers
Abstract
This work aimed was to investigate the health and management characteristics of live bird resales, identification and antigenic characterization of Salmonella enterica and its sensitivity to antimicrobials. Structured questionnaires were applied and 627 samples were collected from cages, 209 from excreta, 209 from feed and 209 from drinking fowls, being processed by conventional bacteriology. The isolates obtained were submitted to the susceptibility test to 12 antimicrobials by the disc diffusion method. It was verified that 91.7% of the resales studied house Gallus gallus domesticus together with other animal species, commercialize birds with little zoosanitary documentation, active surveillance is unsatisfactory, and use and commercialize antimicrobials indiscriminately. Salmonella enterica was detected in 1.4% (9/627) of samples analysed in cages, 1.9% (4/209) in excreta and 0.95% (2/209) in feed, and 1.4% (3/209) in trough swabs, which were antigenically characterized as Salmonella Heidelberg, Gallinarum, Risen, Ndolo, Saint Paul, Mbandaka subesp enterica O:6,7. In the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility resistance was obtained of 44.4% (4/9) for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 33.3% (3/9) for enrofloxacin, 22.2% (2/9) for ciprofloxacin, ceftiofur, amoxicillin and 11.1% (1/9) for tetracycline and phosphomycin. Salmonella Heidelberg as well as the serovars Gallinarum, Risen, Saint Paul and Mbandaka showed resistance to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin were the least effective antimicrobials. Sorovars such as Heidelberg, Gallinarum and Mbandaka showed multidrug resistance to antimicrobials commonly used in human and veterinary medicine, which implies potential unique health risks.
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