Low performance of vitamin C compared to ammonium chloride as an urinary acidifier in feedlot lambs

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v21e-60098

Abstract

Obstructive urolithiasis is highly prevalent disease in feedlot sheep. Urinary acidification is effective for disease prevention. Forty-five healthy 3-4 month-old male Santa Inês crossbred feedlot lambs were distributed into three groups of 15 animals each. Ammonium chloride (GA) at 400 mg/kg/day/animal, vitamin C (GC) at 4 mg/kg/day/animal, and a combination of the two (GAC) were administered orally for 21 d. Blood and urine samples were taken 7 d before beginning treatment (M0), immediately before (M1), and weekly for 21 d (M2, M3, and M4) for renal function tests, levels of Ca, P, and Mg in serum and urine, urinalysis, and fractional excretion (FE) analysis in these minerals. In groups GA and GAC, pH decreased in M2 and remained acidic throughout the experiment. A significant decrease in serum P and a urinary increase in Ca and Mg occurred in GA. The FE of Ca increased during treatments, but there was no interference with Mg. The FE of P was significantly lower in GA. Ammonium chloride was an effective urinary acidifier in sheep, but vitamin C administered orally did not provide stable results. Thus, based on our results, vitamin C supplementation may not effective for urinary acidification to prevent obstructive urolithiasis.
Keywords: pH urinary, fractional excretion, small ruminants, urinalysis, urolithiasis.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Riet-Côrrea F, Simões SVD, Vasconcelos JS. Urolitíase em caprinos e ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 2008; 28: 319-322.

Guimarães JA, Mendonça CL, Guaraná ELS, Dantas AC, Costa NA, Câmara ACL, Farias CC, Afonso JAB. Estudo retrospectivo de 66 casos de urolitíase obstrutiva em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 2012; 32: 824-830

Riedi A-K, Nathues C, Knubben-Schweizer G, Nuss K, Meylan M. Variables of initial examination and clinical management associated with survival in small ruminants with obstructive urolithiasis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2018; 32:2105-2114.

Sun WD, Zhang KC, Wang JY, Wang XL. The chemical composition and ultrastructure of uroliths in Boer goats. The Veterinary Journal. 2010; 186: 70-75.

Antonelli AC, Barrêto Júnior RA, Mori CS, Sucupira MCA, Marcello ACS, Ortolani EL. Efeito de diferentes fontes energéticas na predisposição para urolitíase em cabritos. Ciência Animal Brasileira. 2012; 13:487-493.

Ferreira DOL, Santarosa BP, Amorim RM, Chiacchio SB, Gonçalves RC. Urolitíase obstrutiva em ovinos. Veterinária e Zootecnia. 2015; 22: 183-197.

Del Claro GR, Zanetti MA, Correa LB, Netto AS, Paiva FA, Salles MSV. Balanço cátion-aniônico da dieta no metabolismo de cálcio em ovinos. Ciência Rural. 2006; 36: 222-228.

Jones ML, Streeter RN, Goad CL. Use of dietary cation anion difference for control of urolithiasis risk factors in goats. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2009; 70: 149-155.

Mavangira V, Cornish JM, Angelos JA. Effect of ammonium chloride supplementation on urine pH and urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes in goats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2010; 237: 1299-1304.

Crookshank HR. Effect of ammonium salts on the production of ovine urinary calculi. Journal of Animal Science. 1970; 30: 1002-1004.

Stratton-Phelps M, House JK. Effect of a commercial anion dietary supplement on acid-base balance, urine volume, and urinary ion excretion in male goats fed oat or grass hay diets. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2004; 65: 1391-1397.

Navarre CB. Urolithiasis in Goats. In: The North American Veterinary Conference, 2007, Orlando, Florida. Anais... Orlando: [s.n] p.255-257. (Resumo). 2007.

Ferreira DOL, Santarosa BP, Sacco SR, Dias A, Amorim RM, Chiacchio SB, Lisbôa JAN, Gonçalves RC. Efeito da suplementação de cloreto de amônio sobre o equilíbrio ácido-básico e o pH urinário de ovinos confinados. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 2014; 34:797-804.

Freeman SR, Poorea MH, Young GA, Anderson KL. Influence of calcium (0.6 or 1.2%) and phosphorus (0.3 or 0.6%) content and ratio on the formation of urolithogenic compounds in the urine of Boer-cross goats fed high-concentrate diets. Small Ruminant Research. 2010; 93: 94-102.

Jones ML, Gibbons PM, Roussel AJ, Dominguez BJ. Mineral Composition of uroliths obtained from Sheep and Goats with Obstructive Urolithiasis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2017; 31:1202-1208.

King C. Practical use of urinary fractionated excretion. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 1994; 14: 464-468.

Caple IW, Doake PA, Ellis PG. Assessment of the calcium and phosphorus nutrition in horses by analysis of urine. Australian Veterinary Journal. 1982; 58: 125-131.

Lefebvre HP, Dossin O, Trumel C, Braun JP. Fractional excretion tests: a critical review of methods and applications in domestic animals. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2008; 37: 4-20.

Sacco SR, Lopes RS. Urolitíase: estudo comparativo em bovinos Guzerá oriundos de propriedades com e sem o problema. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 2011; 31: 206-212.

Garry F, Chew DJ, Rings DM, Tarr MJ. Renal excretion of creatinine, eletrolytes, protein and enzymes in healthy sheep. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1990; 51: 414-419.

Neto JP, Soares PC, Batista AMV, Andrade SFJ, Andrade RPX, Lucena RB, Guim A. Balanço hídrico e excreção renal de meta­bólitos em ovinos alimentados com palma forrageira (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 2016, 36: 322-328.

National Research Council - NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids and New World camelids. Natl Acad. Press, Washington, DC. 2007, 384p.

Pires CC, Silva LF, Schlick FE, Guerra DP, Biscaino G, Carneiro RM. Cria e terminação de cordeiros confinados. Ciência Rural. 2000; 30: 875-880.

Garcia-Navarro CEK. Manual de Urinálise Veterinária. São Paulo: Varela; 2005. 95p.

Fleming SA, Hunt EL, Riviere JE, Anderson KL. Renal "clearance" and fractional excretion of electrolytes over four 6-hour periods in cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1991; 52: 5-8.

Maciel TA, Oliveira CC, Afonso JAB, Júnior RJSM, Flagliari JJ, Mathias LA, Oliveira D, Artoni SMB, Amoroso L. Predictive Elements of Obstructive Urolithiasis in Sheep. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 2019; 47: 1698.

Mcevoy GK. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service. AHFS Drug Information. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda: MD; p.2585, 2006.

Clarke ML, Harvey DG, Humphreys DJ. Veterinary Toxicology. 2nd ed. London: Bailliere Tindall; 1981. p. 26.

Maciel TA, Júnior NL, Araújo VV, Silva Filho AB,.Gomes DLS, Barbosa AMS, Farias CC, Magalhães ALR, Lima MJM, Melo SAX, Oliveira D. Avaliação dos perfis minerais séricos, urinários e sedimentares de ovinos recebendo dieta calculogênica. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., 2016; 68(4): 967-976.

Maciel TA, Ramos IA, Silva RJ, Soares PC, Carvalho CCD, Maior Júnior RJS, Amoroso L, Artoni SMB, Afonso JAB, Oliveira D. Clinical and Biochemical Profile of Obstructive Urolithiasis in Sheep. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 2017; 45: 1515.

Belknap EB, Pugh DG. Enfermidades do Sistema Urinário. In: Pugh DG. Clínica de Ovinos e Caprinos. 1a. ed. São Paulo: Roca; 2005. p.287-310.

Medeiros RMT, Paulino CA. Vitaminas. In: Spinosa HS, Górniak SL, Bernardi MM. Farmacologia Aplicada a Medicina Veterinária. 4. ed, Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2006. p.736-749

Wansley HL, Alleman AR. Renal function urinalysis. In: Cowell RL. Veterinary Clinical Pathology Secrets. 1.ed. St Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2004, p.140-167.

Stockham SL, Scott MA. Urinary System. In: Stockham SL, Scott MA. Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2nd.ed. Iowa: Blackwell, 2008; p.908.

Meyer DJ, Coles EH, Rich LJ. Medicina de Laboratório Veterinária-Interpretação e Diagnóstico. 1 ed. São Paulo: Roca; 1995.

Araújo PB, Pereira DS, Teixeira MN, Coelho MCOC, Alencar SP. Urinálise como instrumento auxiliar no diagnóstico de enfermidades em pequenos ruminantes. Medicina Veterinária. 2009; 3: 30-38,

Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 6.ed. San Diego: Academic; 2008. 916p.

George JW, Hird DW, George LW. Serum biochemical abnormalities in goats with uroliths: 107 cases (1992-2003). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2007; 230: 101-106.

Kozloski GV, Fiorentini G, Härter CJ, Sanchez LMB. Uso da creatinina como indicador da excreção urinária em ovinos. Ciência Rural. 2005; 35: 98-102.

Kirsztajn GM. Avaliação do ritmo de filtração glomerular. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial. 2007; 43: 257-264.

Radostits OM, Gay CC, Hinchcliff KW, Constable PD. Clínica Veterinária: um tratado de doenças dos Bovinos, Ovinos, Suínos, Caprinos e Ovinos. 9. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan (reimpressão); 2016. 1737p.

Larsen JWA, Constable PD, Napthine DV. Hipocalcaemia in ewes after a drought. Australian Veterinary Journal. 1986. 63: 25-26.

Takagi H, Block E. Effects of manipulating dietary cation-anion balance on micromineral balance in sheep. Journal of Dairy Science. 1991; 74: 4202-4214.

Braithwaite GD. The effect of ammonium chloride on calcium metabolism in sheep. The British Journal of Nutrition. 1972; 27: 201-209.

Balarin MRS, Lisbôa JAN, Kohayagawa A, Kuchembuck MRG. Valores de referência para as excreções fracionadas urinárias de cálcio e de fósforo em bovinos da raça Nelore agrupados por sexo e faixa etária. Semina: Ciência Agrárias. 1997; 18: 33-39.

Asplin JR, Murray JF, Coe FL. Nephrolithiasis. In: Brenner A, Rector S. (eds.). The kidney. Philadelphia: W.B Saunders, 2000; 1774-1819.

Published

2020-08-06

How to Cite

FERREIRA, Danilo Otávio Laurenti; SANTAROSA, Bianca Paola; SURIAN, Soraya Regina Sacco; TAKAHIRA, Regina Kiomi; CHIACCHIO, Simone Biagio; AMORIM, Rogério Martins; DIAS, Adriano; GONÇALVES, Roberto Calderon. Low performance of vitamin C compared to ammonium chloride as an urinary acidifier in feedlot lambs. Brazilian Animal Science/ Ciência Animal Brasileira, Goiânia, v. 21, 2020. DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v21e-60098. Disponível em: https://revistas.ufg.br/vet/article/view/60098. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.

Issue

Section

VETERINARY MEDICINE