Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Genotypes and PCV3 in Swine Clinical Samples From Brazil

Rovian Miotto; Caroline Pissetti; Luiz Carlos Bordin; Janice Reis Ciacci Zanella

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v25e-77826E

Autores

Rovian Miotto Instituto Federal de Ciências e Tecnologia Pelotas (IFSC), Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2616-2297
Caroline Pissetti Centro de Diagnósticos de Sanidade Animal (CEDISA), Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-6583
Luiz Carlos Bordin Embrapa Suínos e Aves (CNPSA), Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8970-3989
Janice Reis Ciacci Zanella Embrapa Suínos e Aves (CNPSA), Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-6028

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v25e-77826E

Resumo

O Circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) é um importante patógeno para suínos e causador das doenças associadas a circovirose suína (PCVD). Apesar da PCVD ser controlada pelas vacinas comerciais, a sua apresentação está mudando. Além disso, o PCV2 está evoluindo geneticamente e novos genótipos foram identificados em suínos vacinados e não vacinados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença dos genótipos PCV2a, PCV2b e PCV2d em amostras previamente positivas para PCV2. Além disso, identificar coinfecções entre genótipos de PCV2 e/ou com PCV3, que também podem causar doenças em suínos, utilizando um teste de diagnóstico PCR rápido, eficaz e de baixo custo. Foram analisadas 333 amostras clínicas positivas para PCV2 por qPCR e provenientes de diferentes fases de produção e rebanhos do Brasil. Destas, 266 foram genotipadas, sendo o PCV2b o genótipo mais predominante (56,77% das amostras positivas), principalmente provenientes de animais da creche. O PCV2d também foi detectado em 33,10% das amostras, principalmente em suínos de terminação e porcas reprodutoras. O teste PCR utilizado neste estudo foi comparado a um kit comercial e foi eficaz na genotipagem do PCV2. Este estudo demonstrou a importância da genotipagem do PCV2 e que o PCV2b continua sendo o genótipo predominante responsável pela doença em granjas de suínos no Brasil. O PCV2a, genótipo mais comum utilizado nas vacinas comerciais, não foi detectado em nenhuma amostra analisada. Embora os suínos infectados com outros genótipos de PCV2 possam obter alguma proteção heteróloga das vacinas contra PCV2a, diagnósticos adequados e monitoria da vacina para atualizações devem ser considerados.

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