Predição Nutricional de Grãos de Milho: Integração de Genótipos e Dados Meteorológicos para Suinocultura

Murilo Vieira Loro; Alberto Cargnelutti Filho

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v26e-81440E

Autores

Murilo Vieira Loro Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0241-4226
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8608-9960

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v26e-81440E

Resumo

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar se há variabilidade da composição nutricional proteica de grãos entre as bases genéticas de milho (híbridos simples, híbridos triplo, híbridos duplo e variedades de polinização aberta) e as datas de semeadura, e predizer os aminoácidos digestíveis para suínos com base na proteína bruta e nas variáveis meteorológicas. Foram avaliadas, por meio de Espectroscopia de Refletância no Infravermelho Próximo, 773 amostras de grãos provenientes de quatro bases genéticas de milho cultivadas em dez datas de semeadura. Foram realizadas regressões lineares simples para os caracteres nutricionais proteicos em diferentes bases genéticas e datas de semeadura. Foi utilizada a análise de componentes principais para agrupar dados da composição nutricional proteica de grãos e variáveis meteorológicas, por bases genéticas e por datas de semeadura. Há variação dos teores digestíveis dos onze aminoácidos nos grãos entre as bases genéticas de milho e as datas de semeadura. As variedades de polinização aberta de milho apresentam os maiores teores digestíveis dos onze aminoácidos nos grãos, em comparação aos híbridos simples, híbridos triplo e híbridos duplo, independentemente da data de semeadura. Semeaduras realizadas em outubro e novembro exibem maiores teores digestíveis dos onze aminoácidos nos grãos de milho, em relação às semeaduras nos meses de setembro, dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro, independentemente da base genética. Os teores digestíveis de metionina, cistina, treonina, valina, isoleucina, leucina, fenilalanina, histidina e arginina nos grãos de milho podem ser preditos a partir da proteína bruta com alta precisão, em todas as bases genéticas.

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