Influência de fatores biológicos e de manejo sobre o leitão na fase de maternidade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v22e-67396Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de manejo de uniformização, ordem de nascimento (ON), peso ao nascimento (PN) e suas interações no desempenho de leitões na fase de maternidade. Porcas (n = 25) e suas leitegadas (n = 388 leitões) foram distribuídas em dois tratamentos: UNIF – uniformização de leitões entre leitegadas distintas logo após o nascimento; MBIO – leitões mantidos até 12 horas pós-parto com a mãe biológica. Nos dois tratamentos o efeito da ON foi avaliado em três grupos caracterizados pela ON de 1–6, 7–12 e ≥ 13; o efeito de PN foi avaliado em quatro grupos definidos como Muito leve, Leve, Médio e Pesado. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 3 × 4, totalizando 24 tratamentos com 16 leitões/tratamento, em média. O ganho de peso do nascimento até 72 horas de vida (GP72h) foi maior em MBIO. A quantidade de colostro ingerida (QCI) foi menor em leitões de ON ≥ 13. Em geral, o desempenho dos leitões aumentou em resposta ao aumento do PN. Houve interação entre manejo de uniformização e PN para QCI em relação ao peso corporal (QCIPC), que foi maior em leitões Muito leves em UNIF (27,48% PC) e menor em leitões Pesados em MBIO (16,82% PC). É possível obter bom desempenho de leitões mantendo a leitegada com a mãe biológica até 12 horas pós-parto. A quantidade de colostro ingerida em base absoluta (g) é maior, mas relativa ao peso corporal (% PC) é menor em leitões pesados.
Palavras-chave: colostro; desmame; hiperprolificidade; manejo de uniformização; peso ao nascimento; suinocultura.
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