Relações e Influências da Indústria Farmacêutica sobre a Prática Médica

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5216/teri.v15i1.84661

Palavras-chave:

Transferências de valor, Conflitos de interesse, Currículo oculto, Prescrição

Resumo

Com faturamento anual de cerca de US$ 1,5 trilhão, a indústria farmacêutica consolidou-se, nas últimas décadas, como um dos setores mais poderosos da economia global, exercendo influência relevante sobre a produção de conhecimento e o exercício da medicina. Este artigo analisa criticamente as relações entre a indústria farmacêutica e a formação e prática médica, com foco em transferências de valor – como pagamentos, presentes e incentivos financeiros – dirigidas a médicos e instituições acadêmicas, desde a graduação até a atuação profissional. A pesquisa combina análise documental descritiva de dados do programa Open Payments, nos Estados Unidos – onde tais transferências são reguladas e publicamente declaradas –, com revisão narrativa da literatura internacional. No recorte empírico, observa-se que, entre 2015 e 2024, fabricantes reportantes no Open Payments (incluindo medicamentos e dispositivos médicos) transferiram aproximadamente US$ 23,2 bilhões a médicos e US$ 23,3 bilhões a hospitais universitários somente nos Estados Unidos, sobretudo na forma de refeições, viagens, apoio educacional, consultorias, pesquisas e outras remunerações. À luz da literatura internacional, tais transferências são examinadas como parte de estratégias de aproximação e influência sobre prescritores: estudos observacionais indicam associações – ainda que inconscientes – entre o recebimento de benefícios e maior prescrição de produtos de empresas pagadoras, maior participação de medicamentos de marca em detrimento de genéricos, promoção de produtos de benefício clínico marginal e elevação de custos nos sistemas de saúde. Mobilizando estruturas teóricas e conceitos da psicologia social, da economia comportamental e da teoria da comunicação – como reciprocidade, viés de autoatendimento, influência inconsciente e third-person effect –, discute-se como até mesmo benefícios de baixo valor, como refeições, podem atuar como mecanismos de socialização e se enraizar no “currículo oculto” da formação médica, normalizando conflitos de interesse e moldando identidades profissionais. Por fim, sustenta-se a necessidade de transformar a lógica de relacionamento entre indústria e campo médico, com maior transparência, restrição de presentes e fortalecimento de modelos institucionais de financiamento e governança alinhados à saúde pública.

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Biografia do Autor

João Stacciarini, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, joaostacciarini@hotmail.com

Doutor em Geografia Econômica e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás.

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2025-12-16

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STACCIARINI, João. Relações e Influências da Indústria Farmacêutica sobre a Prática Médica. Revista Terceiro Incluído, Goiânia, v. 15, n. 1, p. e15124, 2025. DOI: 10.5216/teri.v15i1.84661. Disponível em: https://revistas.ufg.br/teri/article/view/84661. Acesso em: 22 dez. 2025.

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