Uma análise das histórias dos Tribunais de Crimes de Massa
Introdução a Writing History in International Criminal Trials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5216/rth.v23i1.64712Palabras clave:
Direito penal internacional; História e Direito; Tribunais de crimes de guerra; antropologia do direitoResumen
Por que os tribunais penais internacionais escrevem histórias sobre as origens e causas dos conflitos armados? Com base em pesquisa empírica original com juízes, promotores, advogados de defesa e testemunhas especializadas em três tribunais penais internacionais, Writing History in International Criminal Trials, livro introduzido no presente artigo, procura entender como o direito e a história são combinados no tribunal. O testemunho histórico agora é parte integrante dos julgamentos internacionais, com promotores e equipes de defesa usando testemunhos históricos para atingir objetivos decididamente legais. No julgamento de Slobodan Milosevic, a promotoria procurou demonstrar intenção especial de cometer genocídio por referência a um animus de longa data, alimentado dentro de uma mentalidade nacionalista. Por sua parte, a defesa convocou historiadores como testemunhas para minar as acusações de responsabilidade superior e para mitigar a sentença, representando os crimes como represálias. Embora os modos legais de conhecer sejam distintos dos da história, os dois são efetivamente combinados em julgamentos internacionais de uma maneira que nos desafia a repensar a relação entre direito e história.
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