Uma análise das histórias dos Tribunais de Crimes de Massa

Introdução a Writing History in International Criminal Trials

Autores

  • Richard Ashby Wilson University of Connecticut (UCONN), Storrs, Connecticut, Estados Unidos, richard.wilson@uconn.edu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5216/rth.v23i1.64712

Palavras-chave:

Direito penal internacional; História e Direito; Tribunais de crimes de guerra; antropologia do direito

Resumo

Por que os tribunais penais internacionais escrevem histórias sobre as origens e causas dos conflitos armados? Com base em pesquisa empírica original com juízes, promotores, advogados de defesa e testemunhas especializadas em três tribunais penais internacionais, Writing History in International Criminal Trials, livro introduzido no presente artigo, procura entender como o direito e a história são combinados no tribunal. O testemunho histórico agora é parte integrante dos julgamentos internacionais, com promotores e equipes de defesa usando testemunhos históricos para atingir objetivos decididamente legais. No julgamento de Slobodan Milosevic, a promotoria procurou demonstrar intenção especial de cometer genocídio por referência a um animus de longa data, alimentado dentro de uma mentalidade nacionalista. Por sua parte, a defesa convocou historiadores como testemunhas para minar as acusações de responsabilidade superior e para mitigar a sentença, representando os crimes como represálias. Embora os modos legais de conhecer sejam distintos dos da história, os dois são efetivamente combinados em julgamentos internacionais de uma maneira que nos desafia a repensar a relação entre direito e história.

Biografia do Autor

Richard Ashby Wilson, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Storrs, Connecticut, Estados Unidos, richard.wilson@uconn.edu

Gladstein Distinguished Chair de Direitos Humanos e Professor de Direito e Antropologia na Faculdade de Direito da University of Connecticut e diretor fundador do Instituto de Direitos Humanos da mesma instituição. É especialista em direitos humanos e justiça de transição e atualmente ministra cursos sobre direito e sociedade, justiça pós-conflito e um curso interdisciplinar de pós-graduação em antropologia, história, direito e filosofia dos direitos humanos. Ele é autor e editor de 11 livros sobre direitos humanos internacionais, humanitarismo, comissões da verdade e de reconciliação e tribunais penais internacionais. Recebeu o diploma de bacharelado e de doutorado da London School of Economics and Political Science.

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Publicado

2020-07-31

Como Citar

WILSON, R. A. Uma análise das histórias dos Tribunais de Crimes de Massa: Introdução a Writing History in International Criminal Trials. Revista de Teoria da História, Goiânia, v. 23, n. 1, p. 45–74, 2020. DOI: 10.5216/rth.v23i1.64712. Disponível em: https://revistas.ufg.br/teoria/article/view/64712. Acesso em: 29 mar. 2024.