Effect of water regimes and plant densities on cowpea production

Abstract

Cowpea has been cultivated in a rudimentary form in the main producing regions of Brazil, resulting in lower grain yields, when compared to the crop potential. The use of technologies such as water regimes, adequate plant density and soil management are alternatives to increase this crop yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different water regimes and plant densities on the yield components of cowpea cultivated under conventional and no-tillage systems. A randomized block design in a split-plot factorial, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of five water regimes in the plots (157.00 mm, 189.00 mm, 234.00 mm, 274.00 mm and 320.00 mm) and five plant densities as subplots (12 plants m^-2, 16 plants m^-2, 20 plants m^-2, 24 plants m^-2 and 28 plants m^-2). The evaluated variables were: number of pods per plant, number of pods per area, pod length and grain yield. The combination between 270 mm of irrigation water depth with a density of 280,000 plants ha^-1 resulted in higher grain yield using the no-tillage system, while the combination between the density of 280,000 plants ha^-1 and 320 mm of water depth favored the highest grain yields in the conventional growing system.