Sowing date, cultivars and plant density for second crop narrow row cotton

Abstract

The second crop narrow row cotton under rainfed conditions, after soybean or common bean harvest, has increased in the Midwest Brazilian Savannah. This change in sowing date exposes cotton plants to adverse environmental conditions. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of cotton cultivars, plant densities and sowing dates on cotton yield. The experiments were conducted over three consecutive years. In each year, the treatments were two sowing dates (second half of January and first half of February), cultivars (early and mid-cycle) and plant densities (8.9-33.3 plants m^-2). Cotton was sowed in the second crop, after the early soybean harvest. In each sowing date, experiments were conducted in a split-plot randomized blocks design, with cultivars arranged in plots and densities in subplots. Cotton yield in the second crop growth season was little affected by plant densities and cultivars. Late sowing reduced plant height, number of bolls per unit area and cotton lint yield. In the second sowing date, lint yield decreased nearly 25 %, 17 % and 41 %, respectively in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Sowing date is the most important factor for cotton production in a second crop.