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Cutaneous reactions caused by injected immunomodulators in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and associated factors

Authors

Lígia Nogueira Manso Oliveira Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: lg-nm@hotmail.com.
Hélio Amante Miot Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: heliomiot@gmail.com. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-9294
Tais Lopes Saranholi Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: tais.saranholi@gmail.com.
Luciana Patrícia Fernandes Abbade Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. E-mail: fernandes.abbade@unesp.br. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0334-2079

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5216/ree.v27.76957

Keywords:

Multiple Sclerosis, Hypersensitivity, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Abstract

Objectives: to describe cutaneous reactions caused by injected immunomodulators used for the treatment of multiplesclerosis (MS) and associated factors. Methods: a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a nonprobability sample of MS patients undergoing treatment at a hospital’s neuroimmunology center. The data were collected using structured interviews consisting of two instruments. Results: the sample consisted of 116 MS patients with an average age of 39.8 years, who were predominantly female (72.4%) and white (98.3%). The most prevalent type of MS was relapsing-remitting MS (70.0%). A total of 101 (87.0%) participants developed one or more cutaneous reactions at the injection site. The most frequent reactions were hyperemia (n = 86; 74%), sclerosis (n = 68; 59%),ecchymosis (n = 59; 51%), oedema (n = 53; 46%) and warmth (n = 50; 43%). Reactions were mostly mild and moderate intensity. The factors associated with reactions were depression (p = 0.01) and Body Mass Index considered to beobese (p = 0.04). Conclusions: a significant proportion of patients developed cutaneous reactions at theimmunomodulator injection site, and the presence of reactions was associated with depression and obesity.

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