Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity: integrative review

Abstract

To summarize the risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in newborns admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit from primary studies published in databases. We conducted a integrative review in the following databases: SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science and CINAHL.Twenty-six studies composed the sample. We listed thematic categories with the risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity, known as: factors related to the clinical therapeutic, use of medications, comorbiditiesrelatedto retinopathy of prematurity, neonatal characteristics, clinical characteristics associated to retinopathy of prematurity and, maternal factors. To know the risk factors implicates in early retinopathy detection through adoption of preventive measures as the oxygen therapymonitoring, mechanical ventilation and blood transfusions, besides the assessment of neonatal characteristics, to allow an ophthalmologicscreening to impede the disease development, its sequelae and/orenable treatment in the initial phase of disease.