Evidence of interventions to avoid nipple trauma in breastfeeding: an integrative review

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Nipple trauma is among the factors that contribute with early weaning, and cause pain and discomfort to mothers while breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evidence of the interventions used to avoid nipple trauma in breastfeeding mothers. This integrative review was performed using: MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, CINAHL,  LILACS and SciELO. Eight articles that met the inclusion criteria were located. The results revealed three intervention categories: four regarding the breastfeeding technique, three related to ointments and one different type (the presence of the partner). The mint gel was highly recommended to avoid trauma; the correct breastfeeding technique was controversial; there was contradiction for the use of soap, alcohol, and ointments. It is considered that this study helps provide support for the clinical practice and to guide further scientific studies, which are necessary for obtaining scientific evidence of the care provided to the breastfeeding woman to avoid nipple trauma.

Descriptors: Breast Feeding; Obstetrical Nursing; Nipples; Wounds and Injuries.