Perda de solos no bioma Cerrado: estudo comparativo entre áreas protegidas e não protegidas por Unidades de Conservação

Abstract

The Biome of Brazilian Savannah, Cerrado, an important ecological-economic region with a large production of commodities, has in its northern portion the recent agricultural frontier outside the Amazon. Problems derived from environmental degradation, such as erosive processes and the loss of soil productivity have shown their relevance. In this context, this paper analyses the space-time variabilities in soil losses rates calculated for watersheds draining the Emas National Park (ENP), and National Park of Brasília (BNP), and their surroundings by applying the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) for the years 1970, 1985 and 2018. Results indicate that the higher average rates were calculated for the surroundings of BNP, 10 ton.h^-1.a^-1, hanging from 3.8 to 20.8. Oppositely, for the ENP soil loss rates were 10 times lower from those of BNP, where no significant differences were observed, with average rate of 0.3 ton.h^-1.a^-1 (hanging from 0.1 to 0.5). Oppositely, the controlling factors of soil loss differed among the two sites, as for the BNP land-use changes controlled the time-space variabilities, and for the ENP only the morphologic differences played this role. The rates calculated for the ENP and surroundings differ from the general trend observed for other Savannahs in the world.