Asian and eastern epistemologies: contributions and influences on global science

Abstract

This research explores Asia's scientific and epistemological traditions, focusing on the Muslim world (Middle East and Maghreb), highlighting how these cultures influenced global knowledge. It examines the scientific practices of China, India, and the Islamic world, revealing unique approaches that challenge Eurocentric narratives. China integrated philosophy and science, as seen in traditional medicine and technological innovations. India contributed to the numerical system and integrated spirituality with science, as exemplified by Ayurveda. The Middle East became a knowledge centre during the Islamic Golden Age, expanding ancient wisdom. The chapter also discusses East-West interactions facilitated by the Silk Road and the challenges faced by these traditions during colonialism. It concludes by emphasising the importance of recognising epistemological diversity and promoting an inclusive view of science that values collective contributions to advancing human knowledge.