Applications of Geoprocessing in Soil Management and Conservation: Integrated Analysis of Soil Granulometry and K Factor in Sub-Hydrographic Basins

Abstract

This study aims to determine the soil erodibility factor (K) in the Sorocabuçu River Watershed (SRB, 202.67 km²), located in Ibiúna (SP), through granulometric analysis and geoprocessing techniques. A total of 27 soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected, distributed according to topography and land use. Granulometry was quantified using the pipette method, and erodibility was estimated through the indirect Bouyoucos method. Spatial modeling employed IDW interpolation in a Geographic Information System (GIS), generating thematic maps that highlight variability and areas most susceptible to erosion. The results indicate a strong positive correlation between sand content and the K factor (r² = 0.95) and a significant negative correlation for clay (r² = -0.91), demonstrating the influence of soil texture on erodibility. Sandy soils in areas subject to intensive anthropogenic use exhibited greater erosion vulnerability, underscoring the need for management strategies to mitigate these impacts. The integration of granulometric analysis with spatial interpolation proves to be an effective approach for identifying critical areas, providing essential insights for territorial management and the implementation of preventive measures.