Perspectivas dos profissionais de saúde sobre fatores que facilitam e dificultam o aleitamento materno de prematuros em unidade neonatal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5216/ree.v25.73940Palavras-chave:
Aleitamento Materno, Enfermagem Neonatal, Pessoal de Saúde, Recém-Nascido Prematuro, Unidades de Terapia Intensiva NeonatalResumo
Objetivo: analisar os principais fatores que dificultam e facilitam o aleitamento materno de recém-nascidos prematuros na unidade neonatal, na perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 148 profissionais de duas unidades neonatais. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, teste de χ2 de Pearson, Exato de Fisher ou Mann-Whitney, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: destacaram-se entre os dificultadores de aleitamento materno de prematuros em unidades neonatais a condição clínica do prematuro (29,0%) e a condição emocional materna (27,0%). Como principal facilitador a vontade/desejo da mãe de amamentar (24,3%) e o apoio dos profissionais de saúde (23,0%); estes fatores foram distribuídos de modo semelhante nas instituições estudas, exceto infraestrutura da unidade neonatal, apontada como dificultador de aleitamento materno mais preponderante em uma das instituições (p = 0,002). Conclusão: profissionais de saúde consideraram o aleitamento materno do recém-nascido prematuro dependente, principalmente, das condições mãe-bebê. A promoção e o apoio ao aleitamento materno nas unidades neonatais ainda são um desafio para a prática profissional. Melhorar as condições de infraestrutura das unidades neonatais e reforçar as condições que favorecem a vontade/desejo da mãe de amamentar apresentam-se como perspectivas importantes.
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